Temporal trends in cardiovascular health among Chinese urban children and adolescents, 2004-2019 pre-pandemic COVID-19.

Objective: Little is known about pre-pandemic cardiovascular health (CVH) status and its temporal variation in Chinese children. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the secular trends and associated factors of CVH in Chinese urban children from 2004 to 2019. Methods: We identified 32,586 individuals in Beijing, aged 6 to 18 years, from three independent cross-sectional studies conducted in 2004, 2014, and 2019, respectively. CVH was assessed by 7 metrics according to modified American Heart Association criteria, including smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the ideal CVH status. Results: The proportion of ideal CVH decreased from 27.7% (boys 26.6%, girls 28.9%) in 2004 to 4.2% (boys 3.8%, girls 4.8%) in 2014, and then increased to 16.2% (boys 13.5%, girls 18.9%) in 2019. Overall, ideal smoking was the most prevalent CVH component during 2004-2019 (2004, 97.5%; 2014, 92.9%; 2019, 98.0%), while ideal physical activity (2004, 27.6%; 2014, 14.4%; 2019, 28.0%) and dietary intake (2004, 26.0%; 2014, 10.7%; 2019, 23.5%) were the least prevalent components. Notably, the proportion of ideal body mass index (2004, 77.5%; 2019, 59.7%) and blood pressure (2004, 73.6%; 2019, 67.3%) continuously decreased from 2004 to 2019. Girls, parental normal weight status, free of family CVD history, and lower levels in fat mass were associated with higher odds of ideal CVH. Conclusion: The cardiovascular health in Chinese urban children deteriorated during 2004-2019. Distinct strategies are required to mitigate socioeconomic inequity in the intervention of CVH promotion.

Impact of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics and its Relevance Considering Traditional Medicine-based Anti-COVID-19 Drug Research.

BACKGROUND: The representative anti-COVID-19 herbs, i.e., Poriacocos, Pogostemon, Prunus, and Glycyrrhiza plants, are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, a pandemic caused by SARSCoV- 2. Diverse medicinal compounds with favorable anti-COVID-19 activities are abundant in these plants, and their unique pharmacological/pharmacokinetic properties have been revealed. However, the current trends in Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetic (DMPK) investigations of anti-COVID-19 herbs have not been systematically summarized. METHODS: In this study, the latest awareness, as well as the perception gaps regarding DMPK attributes, in the anti- COVID-19 drug development and clinical usage was critically examined and discussed. RESULTS: The extracts and compounds of P.cocos, Pogostemon, Prunus, and Glycyrrhiza plants show distinct and diverse absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) properties. The complicated herbherb interactions (HHIs) and herb-drug interactions (HDIs) of anti-COVID-19 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herb pair/formula dramatically influence the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) performance of compounds thereof, which may inspire researchers to design innovative herbal/compound formulas for optimizing the therapeutic outcome of COVID-19 and related epidemic diseases. The ADME/T of some abundant compounds in anti-COVID-19 plants have been elucidated, but DMPK studies should be extended to more compounds of different medicinal parts, species, and formulations and would be facilitated by various omics platforms and computational analyses. CONCLUSION: In the framework of pharmacology and pharmacophylogeny, the DMPK knowledge base would promote the translation of bench findings into the clinical practice of anti-COVID-19 and speed up the anti-COVID-19 drug discovery and development.

A follow-up study depressive and anxiety symptoms of children in Wuhan City, Hubei Province

Objective: To investigate the progression of depressive and anxiety symptoms of children, especially whose parents were frontline workers in the combat of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), and to provide evidence for children's mental health promotion.

Effects of learning and lifestyle behaviors during home confinement on depressive and anxiety symptoms among primary school students

Objective: To examine the changes of depressive and anxiety symptoms in school-aged children during home confinement and to identify possible influence of learning and lifestyle behaviors on mental health changes.

Research progress on mental health of school-age children under major public health emergencies

Children were vulnerable groups in major public health emergencies. In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was widespread in the world. The mental health of school-age children has become a worldwide concern. Herein, we conducted this review to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of general children and special children with a high risk of psychological problems, focusing on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among school-age children in different countries and regions during the COVID-19 epidemic. Considering the susceptibility between individuals and the accessibility of social resources, we further explored the child, family, and social related factors affecting the mental health of school-age children. Finally, some suggestions on the construction of children's mental health service system in major public health emergencies were put forward at the national, school-family-community, and individual levels. Building a safe and reliable child mental health protection network required the joint efforts of all sectors of society.

Psychological Symptom Progression in School-Aged Children After COVID-19 Home Confinement: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: The long-term mental health effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children are rarely reported. We aimed to investigate the progression of depressive and anxiety symptoms among a cohort of children in the initial epicenter of COVID-19 in China. Methods: Two waves of surveys were conducted in the same two primary schools in Wuhan and Huangshi, Hubei province: Wave 1 from 28 February to 5 March, 2020 (children had been confined to home for 30-40 days) and Wave 2 from 27 November to 9 December, 2020 (schools had reopened for nearly 3 months). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were estimated using the Children's Depression Inventory - Short Form (CDI-S) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), respectively. ΔCDI-S and ΔSCARED scores between Wave 2 and Wave 1 were calculated and further categorized into tertiles. Multivariable linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models were then applied. Results: A total of 1,224 children completed both surveys. The prevalence of mental health outcomes at Wave 2 increased significantly compared to Wave 1, specifically depressive symptoms (age-standardized prevalence rates: 37.5 vs. 21.8%) and anxiety symptoms (age-standardized prevalence rates: 24.0 vs. 19.6%). Higher ΔSCARED scores were observed in females and children in Wuhan, and children with experience of neglect had higher ΔCDI-S (ß = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.67-1.58) and ΔSCARED (ß = 6.46; 95% CI = 4.73-8.19) scores compared with those without experience of neglect. When the Δ scores were further categorized into tertiles, similar results were found. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms after schools resumed was increased compared with that during the home quarantine period, even though the COVID-19 pandemic was under control. Females and children in Wuhan, and also children with experience of neglect were at increased risk of mental health disorders.

Anxiety, Depression, and Satisfaction With Life Among College Students in China: Nine Months After Initiation of the Outbreak of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Mental health problems are common among college students. This study sought to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms and well-being among Chinese college students 9 months after initiation of the outbreak of COVID-19. METHOD: A cross-sectional study (N = 3,951, mean age = 19.58) was conducted from October to December 2020. An online survey was used to collect socio-demographic data, and the symptoms of depression and anxiety and satisfaction with life using Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale (PHQ-9), and the 5-items Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 59.35 and 54.34%, respectively, and the score of satisfaction with life was 20.51 ± 6.42 among Chinese college students during the pandemic. After controlling for covariates, students in urban areas (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61-0.87), with good family economic levels (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.66-0.91), and having psychological counseling (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.42-0.73) were positively associated with depression symptoms; meanwhile, higher anxiety symptoms were observed among medical students (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69-0.95). Besides, healthy lifestyle such as regular physical activity and diet was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Multiple linear models revealed that medical students (ß = 0.479, P = 0.031), those with good family economic level by self-evaluation (ß = 1.283, P < 0.001 for good; ß = 3.013, P < 0.001 for general), good academic performance by self-evaluation (ß = 1.786, P < 0.001 for good; ß = 3.386, P < 0.001 for general), learning burden (ß = 1.607, P < 0.001 for general; ß = 2.117, P < 0.001 for light), regular physical activity (ß = 0.859, P < 0.001), daily routine (ß = 1.289, P < 0.001), diet (ß = 1.714, P < 0.001), and sufficient sleep (ß = 1.408, P < 0.001) had more score of SWLS (all ß > 0, P < 0.05), while senior students (ß = -1.053, P=0.009), students having psychological counseling (ß = -1.753, P < 0.001), and drinking (ß = -0.743, P = 0.012) had lower satisfaction with life. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to psychological health among college students, especially during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Policy makers and educators should help college students develop a healthy lifestyle with regular diet and exercise to promote the psychological health of college students.

Initial chest CT findings in COVID-19: correlation with clinical features.

In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new de novo infectious disease, was first identified in Wuhan, China and quickly spread across China and around the world. The etiology was a novel betacoronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Lu et al., 2020). On Mar. 11, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) characterized COVID-19 as a global pandemic. As of Mar. 22, 2020, over 292 000 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported globally. To date, COVID-19, with its high infectivity, has killed more people than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) combined (Wu and McGoogan, 2020).